Zean ع.ز.ا. and Hashim ع.ر.ه. 2025. The role of information technology in reducing the gap of information illiteracy and improving the outcomes of scientific research: A study on problems and solutions. اداب الرافدین. 55, 103 (Dec. 2025), 402–421. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33899/radab.v55i103.54280.