In view of the importance of this study of the societal effects of petroleum enjoying an important position in geographical studies that is no less important than the economic activity of petroleum itself, the following study will deal with the analysis of spatial relationships between oil and Iraqi society through the following points: 1- Petroleum as a change agent in Iraqi society. 2. A comparative study of the state of Iraq before and after oil production, (income, industrial activity and electricity, transportation system, education, other services), 3. Evolution of the social structure of the Iraqi population (1905-1970).