Functional grammar Is defined as: “It Is the grammar that is not limited to the role played by words or phrases in the sentence, i.e. the functions (structural and grammatical) such as the subject and the object, because these functions represent only a part of a whole, interacting with other functions (situational or communicative) which are the semantic and pragmatic functions, and through them the structural characteristics of linguistic expressions are linked to the communicative.

Communicative purposes that these expressions are used as a means to achieve.”

The study is based on the central hypothesis that verbs, with their pivotal semantic roles in sentence construction, exhibit a complex interplay with syntactic structures, making them a focal point where meaning and structure converge.

The study aims to provide an integrated perspective on understanding how verbs in Arabic are formed by analyzing their semantic roles and their impact on the syntactic organization of sentences. It highlights how verbs are influenced by elements such as tense, subject, object, and other contextual modifiers, creating a linguistic structure that ensures the speaker's communicative intent. The research focuses on uncovering the semantic patterns of verbs (e.g., transitivity and intransitivity) and their reflection in the syntactic structure of sentences, while elucidating the interactive relationship between grammatical elements surrounding the verb.

The study presents a comprehensive analytical model that integrates the semantic and syntactic dimensions of verbs into a unified framework. It demonstrates how this relationship contributes to constructing sentences that achieve a balance between syntactic structure and functional meaning, emphasizing the changes that occur in sentence structure due to the semantic functions performed by the verb in different contexts